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Dr. Carmen Ricos and colleagues update this database on within-subject and between-subject biologic variation. From this data, they also calculate desirable specifications for imprecision, inaccuracy, and total allowable error. We are honored to be able to host this database. This article lists the references that were used to develop the specifications.

Desirable Specifications for Total Error, Imprecision, and Bias, derived from Intra- and Inter-Individual Biologic Variation

This most recent and extensive listing of biologic goals has been provided by Ricos C, Alvarez V, Cava F, Garcia-Lario JV, Hernandez A, Jimenez CV, Minchinela J, Perich C, Simon M. "Current databases on biologic variation: pros, cons and progress." Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1999;59:491-500. Updated analytes for 2001, 2004, 2006, 2008 included.

Annex II: Bibliographical references for each analyte studied

11-Desoxycortisol through Alanine aminotransferase
Albumin through CA 549 antigen
Calcium through Cysteine
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate through Hydroxiproline
Immunoglobulin A through Lycopenene
Magnesium through Oxalate, output
Paraoxon through Rheumatoid factor
SCC antigen through Zinc

See The Actual References
See The Actual Numbers!
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Analyte Reference
S- 11-Desoxycortisol 136, 137
S- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 136, 137
U- 4-hydroxi-3-metoximandelate (VMA) 90, 112
S- 5'Nucleotidase 90, 112, 178
U- 5'-Hidroxiindolacetate, concentration 133
S- a1-Acid glycoprotein 24,95,153
S- a1-Antichymotrypsin 24
S- a1-Antitrypsin 84,95,153
P- a1-Globulins 90, 92
U- a1-Microglobulin, concentration, first morning 105
P- a2-Antiplasmin 26
S- a2-Globulins 90, 92
S- a2-Macroglobulin 84,95,153
U- a2-Microglobulin output, first morning 105
S- a-Amylase 27,30,49,72,90,138,139
S- a-Amylase (pancreatic) 30,82
U- a-Amylase concentration, random 30
S- a-Carotene 117, 198
S- a-Fetoprotein 183
S- a-Tocopherol 53, 117, 192
S- Acid phosphatase 166,167
S- Acid phosphatase prostatic, activity 126
S- Acid phosphatase tartrate resistent 67, 124, 177
P- Activated partial thromboplastine time 22,26,35
S- Acyl / free carnitine 193
S- Adenosine deaminase 90
P- Adiponectin 199
(B)Plat- Adrenaline 20
P- Adrenaline 20
S- Alanine aminopeptidase 71
S- Alanine aminotransferase 27,46,71,90,138,139,
153,161,166,167

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Analyte Reference
S- Albumin 24,27,37,45,46,47,49,53,62,
64,69,72,84,90,92,110,130,
138,139, 161,166,167,168
U- Albumin, concentration, first morning 78,80,86
S- Aldosterone 136,137
U- Aldosterone, concentration 133
S- Alkaline phosphatase 4,5,27,49,52,64,71,90,110,124,
130,138,153,161,165,166,167,
168,171,178
S- Alkaline phosphatase, bone isoform 67, 124, 171, 172
S- Alkaline phosphatase, liver 178
S- Alkaline phosphatase, placental 16
U- Ammonia, output 6
S- Amyloid A 189
S- Androstendione 136,137
S- Angiotensin converting enzyme (Peptidil dipeptidase) 41
P- Antithrombin III 22,26,106,159
S- Apolipoprotein A1 13,21,44,49,93,104,107,120,
121,141,164
S- Apolipoprotein B 13,44,49,93,104,120,121,141,164
S- Ascorbic Acid 53, 192, 198
S- Aspartate aminotransferase 27,69,71,90,138,139,153,161,165,
166,167,168
S- b2-Microglobulin 24
S- Basophile, count 28,88,154
S- b-Carotene 53,98,117,198
S- b-Criptoxantin 117
S- b-Globulins 90,92
S- Bilirubin total 27,49,64,90,130,138,139,161,166, 200
S- Bilirubin conjugated 90,139
S- CA 125 antigen 16, 109, 181, 201, 211
S- CA 15.3 antigen 58,59,76,151
S- CA 19.9 antigen 109,132,162
S- CA 549 antigen 16

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Analyte Reference
S- Calcium 27,37,45,46,47,49, 52,62,
64,66,69,73,74,90,110,130,
138,139, 161,165,166,167,168
U- Calcium, concentration, 24h 63,140,149,150
U- Calcium, ionized 110, 160, 182
U- Calcium, output, 24h 63,66,140,149
S- Carbohydrate deficient transferrin 70
(B)Gas- Carbon dioxide 68
S- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 16,58,59,76,109,151,181,185, 201, 211
S- Ceruloplasmin 52, 95
S- Chloride 7,27,45,46,47,49,62,64,69,
71,74,90,130,138,161,166,
167,168
S- Cholesterol 8,13,21,23,27,32,39,44,49,50,53,
60,69,72,74,77,90,93,94,100,
104,107,108,114,120,121,138,
139,141,142,147,148,153,158,
161,163,164,165,166,167,168,
173,174,202
S- Cholinesterase 71,90,112
S- Cholinesterase, activity 11
S- Cholinesterase, immunoreactive 11
S- C3 complement 95,153
S- C4 complement 95,153
P- Copper 97,52,61
S- Copper 52,98
S- Cortisol 136,137,153
S- C Peptide 136, 137, 213
S- C- Propeptide type I procollagen 67, 156, 172
P- C-Reactive protein 24,100
S- Creatine kinase 27,46,90,138,139,145,153,161,165
S- Creatine kinase MB, % 145
S- Creatine kinase MB, activity 27,90,138,145
S- Creatine kinase MB, mass 145
S- Creatinine 7,27,37,45,46,47,49,53,62,64,
65,72,90,110,138,139,143,161,
165,166,167,168,203
Patient- Creatinine clearence 65
U- Creatinine, concentration 63,65,78,140,149,150
U- Creatinine, output 6,10,12,14,63,65,78,140,149
P- Cromogranin A 208
S- C- Telopeptide type I collagen (s-CTx) 67,156,184
U- C- Telopeptide type I collagen/creatinine, first and second morning urine 55,67,89,171,184
S- Cyfra 21.1 185,201
S- Cystastin C 203
P- Cysteine 25
P- ?-aminolevulinic acid 195

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Analyte Reference
S- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 136,137,173,174
U- Deoxipyridinoline/creatinine 4,89,127
P- Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (ACE) 99,103
S- Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (ACE) 41
P- Elastase 2
S- Endotelial growth factor 190
B- Eosinophils, count 28,88,154
B(Plat)- Epinephrine 20
PB- Epinephrine 20
B- Erythrocytes, count 28,34,48,88,96,102
S- Estradiol 118,136,137,170
U- Estradiol 118
P- Factor V coagulation 26
P- Factor VII coagulation 22,159
P- Factor VIII coagulation 22,159
P- Factor X coagulation 26
S- Ferritin 1,9,27,52,131,200
S- Ferroxidase (ceruloplasmin) 52,95
P- Fibrinogen 22,26,102,144,159
(B)Erythr- Folate 173
S- Folate 173
S- Follicle stimulating hormone 136,137,160,170
S- Free carnitine 193
S- Free estradiol 118
U- Free estradiol 118
S- Free testosterone 118, 173, 174
U- Free testosterone 118
S- Free thyroxine (FT4) 15, 17, 19, 134, 209
S- Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) 15, 17, 19, 209
S- Fructosamine 31,49,79
S- Galactosyl hydroxylisine 118
S- g-Globulins 90,92
S- g-glutamyltransferase 27,70,71,90,138,139,153,165,178
S- Globulins,total 110
S- Glucose 27,31,37,46,49,60,69,
90,138,139,165,168,186
(B)Erythr- Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase 169
(B)Spot- Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase 204
S- Glutathione peroxidase 29
S- Glycated albumin 31,60,129
S- Glycated total protein 31
S- Haptoglobin 24,95,101,153
B- Hematocrit 1,9,28,34,48,52,88,96,102,154
B- Hemoglobin 1,9,28,34,48,52,71,
74,88,96,102,154
B- Hemoglobin A1C 60,129,173,176,180,186
S- HDL cholesterol 8,13,21,23,32,39,50,53,60,72,
74,77,93,94,104,107,108,114,
120,21,141,147,148,164
S- HDL 1 cholesterol 44
S- HDL 2 cholesterol 13,21,44,60,120,121
S- HDL 3 cholesterol 13,21,44,60,120,121
P- Homocysteine 54, 146, 177
S- Hydroxibutyrate dehydrogenase 27
S- Hydroxiproline/creatinine 5, 110, 171
U- Hydroxiproline/minute, night urine 5

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Analyte Reference
S- Immunoglobulin A 42,43,49,95,153,173,174
S- Immunoglobulin G 42,43,49,95,153,207
S- Immunoglobulin M 42,43,49,95,153
S- Immunoglobulins k chain 42,43,49
S- Immunoglobulins g chain 42,43,49
S- Insulin 37,60,136,137
S- Insulin-like growth factor-1 209
S- Interleukin 1-b 175
S- Interleukin 8 175
S- Intercellular adhesion moleculre-1 200
(B)Leuc- Interferon receptor 56
(B)Leuc- Iron 1,9,27,81,90,96,131,152,
155,166,167
S- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 27,69,90,111,138,139,153,
161,165,167,168
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 1 isoform 90,111
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 2 isoform 111
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 3 isoform 111
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 4 isoform 111
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoform 111
B- Lactate 125
P- Lactoferrin 2
P- Leukocytes, count 28,34,36,48,88,96,154
S- LDL Cholesterol 8,13,21,39,50,93,94,104,107,
108,114,120,121,141,148,164
S- LDL Cholesterol (direct) 148
P- LDL Cholesterol oxydized 200
S- LDL receptor mRNA 128
S- Lipase 49,82,90
S- Lipoprotein (a) 21,104,115,121,123
S- Lutein 117
S- Luteinizing hormone 136,137,160,170
S- Lycopenene 117
B- Lymphocytes, count 28,36,48,88,154
B- Lymphocytes, CD4 191

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Analyte Reference
(B)Erythr- Magnesium 38, 51
(B)Leuc- Magnesium 38, 51
S- Magnesium 33,37,38,52,61,69,139,165,168
U- Magnesium, concentration, 24h 33,116
U- Magnesium, ionized 182
U- Magnesium, output, 24h 33,116
S- MC antigen (MCA) 18,76
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 34,88,102
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 34,48,96,102
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular volume 34,48,70,88,96,102
(B)Plat- Mean platelet volume 28,88,102
S- Myoglobin 122,145
S- Myeloperoxidase 210
B- Monocytes, count 28,88,154
U- N-Acetyl Glucosaminidase, concentration 83,157
U- N- Telopeptide type I collagen /creatinine 89,135,170, 177
U- N- Telopeptide type I collagen /creatinine, first urine 89,135,171,172
B- Neutrophyles, count 28,36,48,88,154
U- Nitrogen, output 6
S- Non-inhibited arilestearase activity 202
B(Plat)- Norepinephrine 20
P- Norepinephrine 20
S- N-terminal (NT)-proBNP 205,206
S- Osmolality 49,85
S- Osteocalcin 4,5,67,124,172
U- Oxalate, concentration, 24h 3
U- Oxalate, output, 24h 3

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Analyte Reference
S- Paraoxon 202
S- Paraoxonase 1 substrate inhibition (PON 4SI) 202
S- Paraoxonase activity (salt estimulated) 202
S- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 209
S- Peptidil dipeptidase A (ECA) 41
B- pH 68
B(Gas)- pCO2 68
S- Phenylacetate 202
S- Phosphate 27,37,49,53,64,69,90,
110,130,138,139,161,
165,166,167,168
U- Phosphate, concentration, 24h 63,140,149,150
U- Phosphate, output, 24h 63,66,140,149
Patient- Phosphate tubular reabsorption 66
S- Phospholipids 119
P- Plasminogen 26
B- Platelet, count 28,34,48,88,102,154
B- Platelet distribution wide 28,88
B- Plateletcrit 28,88
U- Porphobilinogen 195
U- Porphyrins 195
(B)Leuc- Potassium 51
S- Potassium 7,27,37,45,46,47,49,
64,69,71,74,90,130,
138,139,161,166,167,168
U- Potassium, concentration 63,140,149,150
U- Potassium, output 6,63,140,149
S- Prealbumin 24
S- Precollagen type 1 C-terminal 67, 156, 172
S- Precollagen type 1 N-terminal 67, 172
S- Prolactin 136,137,173,174
P- Prolyl endopeptidase 99,103
S- Properdin factor B 195
S- Protein 27,37,49,53,64,69,
72,90,95,130,138,139,161
,165,166,167,168
P- Protein C 106
P- Protein S 106
U- Protein, concentration, 24h 140,149,150
U- Protein, output, 24h 140,149
S- Prostatic acid phosphatase, activity 126
S- Prostatic specific antigen 16,126,181
P- Prothrombin time 26,35
Patient- Phosphate tubular reabsorption 66
U- Pyridinoline/creatinine, morning spot 4,5
B- Pyruvate 125
B- Red cell distribution wide 28,34,88,102
S- Reticulocyte, count 179
S- Reticulocyte highly fluourescent, count 179
S- Reticulocyte medium fluourescent, count 179
S- Reticulocyte low fluourescent, count 179
P- Retinol 198
S- Retinol 53,117
S- Rheumatoid factor 87
(B)Eryth- Riboflavin 177

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Analyte Reference
S- SCC antigen 109
P- Selenium 97
B- Selenium 97
Semen- Semen, concentration 196
Semen- Semen, motility 196
Semen- Semen, progressive motility 196
Semen- Semen, progressive rapid motility 196
Semen- Semen, morphology 196
Semen- Semen, vitality 196
S- Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) 160
(B)Erythr- Sodium 51
(B)Leuc- Sodium 51
S- Sodium 7,27,37,45,46,47,49,62,
64,69,71,74,90,130,138,
139,161,166,167, 168
S- Sodium bicarbonate 45, 46, 68, 69, 110, 161, 168
Sweat- Sodium chloride 187
U- Sodium, concentration, 24h 63,140,149,150
U- Sodium, output, 24h 6,63,140,149
P- Soluble CD163 188
(B)Erythr- Superoxide dismutase 29,52
S- Superoxide dismutase 52
Saliva- Testosterone 160
S- Testosterone 118,136,137,160,170
U- Testosterone 118
S- Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) 109,151
S- Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) 109
S- Thyroglobulin 40,207
S- Thyroglobulin antibody 207
S- Thyroid peroxidase antibody 207
S- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 15,17,19,40,90,134,136,137,209
S- Thyrotropin receptor antibody 207
S- Thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) 40,136
S- Thyroxine (T4) 15,17,19,40,75,91,134,
136,137,165
S- Total carnitine 193
U- Total catecholamine concentration, 24h 133
U- Total porphyrins 195
S- Transferrin 27,52,70,95,153
S- Triglyceride 8,13,21,27,32,39,49,50,53,
60,72,74,90,93,94,104,107,
108,120, 121,138,139,141,
148,153,161,163,164,165
S- Triiodothyronine 15,17,19,27,40,75,91,
134,136,137
S- Triiodothyronine captation 40
S- Troponin I 212
S- Tumor Necrosis factor-a 175
S- Urate 7,27,37,53,69,72,90,138,
139,161,165,166,167,168,200
U- Urate, concentration, 24h 140,149,150
U- Urate, output, 24h 140,149
S- Urea 7,27,37,45,46,47,49,64,
69,72,90,130,138,139,161,
165,166,167,168
U- Urea, concentration 63,140,149,150
U- Urea, output 6,63,140,149
S- Vanilmandelic Acid, concentration 133
S- Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 200
S- Vascular endotelial growth factor 190
S- VLDL Cholesterol 39,108
(B)Erythr- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 198
(B)Erythr- Vitamin B2 status (Riboflavin) 177
(B)Erythr- Vitamin B6 198
B- Vitamin B6
(B)Erythr- Vitamin B6 status (AST activation 177
(B)Erythr- Vitamin B12 177
(B)Erythr- Vitamin E (a-Tocopherol) 198
(B)Erythr- Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) 198
P- Von Willebrand factor 22,159
P- Von Willebrand factor antigen 200
S- Water 49,85
S- Zeaxanthine 117
S- Zinc 52,57,61
P- Zinc 97

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