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Desirable Biological Variation Database specifications PDF Print

Updated for 2012! Desirable Specifications for imprecision, inaccuracy, and total allowable error,  calculated from data on within-subject and between-subject biologic variation. This database is updated and compiled by Dr. Carmen Ricos and colleagues. We are honored to be able to host this database.

Desirable Specifications for Total Error, Imprecision, and Bias, derived from intra- and inter-individual biologic variation

This most recent and extensive listing of biologic goals has been provided by Ricos C, Alvarez V, Cava F, Garcia-Lario JV, Hernandez A, Jimenez CV, Minchinela J, Perich C, Simon M. "Current databases on biologic variation: pros, cons and progress." Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1999;59:491-500. This database was most recently updated in 2012.

Annex I, Part I: Within-subject and between-subject CV values of analytes and Desirable Analytical Quality Specifications for imprecision, bias and total error

11-Desoxycortisol through a-Fetoprotein
Albumin through CA 549 antigen
Calcium through Cystein
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate through Homocysteine
Immunoglobulin A through Lycopenene
Magnesium through Oxalate, output
pCO2 through Rheumatoid factor
SCC antigen through Zinc

See The Reference List
See The References
See The original Guest Essay

Note on abbreviations:
CVw = within-subject biologic variation
CVg = between-subject biologic variation
I = desirable specification for imprecision
B = desirable specification for inaccuracy
TE = desirable specification for allowable total error

 

Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- 11-Desoxycortisol 21.3 31.5 10.7 9.5 27.1
S- 17-Hydroxyprogesterone 19.6 50.4 9.8 13.5 29.7
U- 4-hydroxy-3-methoximandelate (VMA) 22.2 47.0 11.1 13.0 31.3
S- 5' Nucleotidase 23.2 19.9 11.6 7.6 26.8
U- 5'-Hydroxyindolacetate, concentration 20.3 33.2 10.2 9.7 26.5
S- α1-Acid Glycoprotein 11.3 24.9 5.7 6.8 16.2
S- α1-Antichymotrypsin 13.5 18.3 6.8 5.7 16.8
S- α1-Antitrypsin 5.9 16.3 3.0 4.3 9.2
S- α1-Globulins 11.4 22.6 5.7 6.3 15.7
U- α1-Microglobulin, concentration, first morning 33.0 58.0 16.5 16.7 43.9
P- α2-Antiplasmin 6.2 --- 3.1 --- ---
S- α2-Globulins 10.3 12.7 5.2 4.1 12.6
S- α2-Macroglobulin 3.4 18.7 1.7 4.8 7.6
U- α2-Microglobulin output, first morning 29.0 32.0 14.5 10.8 34.7
P- α-aminobutryic acid 24.7 32.3 12.4 10.2 30.5
S- α-Amylase 8.7 28.3 4.4 7.4 14.6
S- α-Amylase (pancreatic) 11.7 29.9 5.9 8.0 17.7
U- α-Amylase (pancreatic) 39.0 78.4 19.5 21.9 54.1
U- α-Amylase concentration, random 94.0 46.0 47.0 26.2 103.7
P- α-Carotene 24.0 65.0 12.0 17.3 37.1
S- α-Carotene 48.0 65.0 24.0 20.2 59.8
S- α-Fetoprotein(non hepatic carcinoma) 12.2 45.6 6.1 11.8 21.9
S- α-Tocopherol 13.8 15.0 6.9 5.1 16.5
S- Acid phosphatase 8.9 8.0 4.5 3.0 10.3
S- Acid phosphatase tartrate-resistant (TR-ACP) 8.0 13.3 4.0 3.9 10.5
S- Acid phosphatase prostatic activity (PAP) 33.8 --- 16.9 --- ---
P- Activated partial thromboplastine time 2.7 8.6 1.4 2.3 4.5
S- Acyl/free carnitine 10.4 27.2 5.2 7.3 15.9
P- Adiponectin 18.8 51.2 9.4 13.6 29.1
S- Adenosine deaminase (ADA) 11.7 25.5 5.9 7.0 16.7
P- Alanine 14.7 55.8 7.4 14.4 26.6
S- Alanine aminopeptidase 4.1 --- 2.1 --- ---
S- Alanine aminotransferase 18.0 42.0 9.0 11.4 26.3

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- Albumin 3.1 4.2 1.6 1.3 3.9
U- Albumin, concentration, first morning 36.0 55.0 18.0 16.4 46.1
U- Albumin, output, night urine 29.5 58.0 14.8 16.3 40.6
S- Albumin, glycated 5.2 10.3 2.6 2.9 7.2
U- Albumin/creatinine 30.5 32.5 15.3 11.1 36.3
S- Aldosterone 29.4 40.1 14.7 12.4 36.7
U- Aldosterone, concentration 32.6 39.0 16.3 12.7 39.6
S- Alkaline phosphatase 6.4 24.8 3.2 6.4 11.7
S- Alkaline phosphatase, bone 6.2 37.4 3.1 9.5 14.6
S- Alkaline phosphatase, liver 10.0 27.0 5.0 7.2 15.4
S- Alkaline phosphatase, placental 19.1 --- 9.6 --- ---
U- Ammonia, output, 24h 24.7 27.3 12.4 9.2 29.6
S- Amyloid A 25.0 61.0 12.5 16.5 37.1
S- Androstendione 11.1 51.1 5.8 13.1 22.6
P- Angiotensin converting enzyme 0.1 --- 0.1 --- ---
S- Anion gap 9.5 10.1 4.8 3.5 11.3
P- Antithrombin III 5.2 15.3 2.6 4.0 8.3
S- Apolipoprotein A1 6.5 13.4 3.3 3.7 9.1
S- Apolipoprotein B 6.9 22.8 3.5 6.0 11.6
P- Arginine 19.3 34.1 9.7 9.8 25.7
S- Arilestearase activity, non inhibited 3.8 37.2 1.9 9.3 12.5
P- Ascorbate (Vitamin C) 20.0 21.0 10.0 7.3 23.8
S- Ascorbate (Vitamin C) 26.0 31.0 13.0 10.1 31.6
P- Asparagine 12.3 28.0 6.2 7.6 17.8
S- Aspartate aminotransferase 11.9 17.9 6.0 5.4 15.2
P- Aspartic acid 31.2 55.1 15.6 15.8 41.6
S- β-2-Microglobulin 5.9 15.5 3.0 4.1 9.0
P- β-Carotene 18.0 48.0 9.0 12.8 27.7
S- β-Carotene 36.0 39.7 18.0 13.4 43.1
S- β-Cryptoxantin 36.7 --- 18.4 --- ---
S- β-Globulins 10.1 9.1 5.1 3.4 11.7
B- Base excess 76.4 43.2 38.2 21.9 85.0
S- Basophile, count 28.0 54.8 14.0 15.4 38.5
S- Bilirubin total 23.8 39.0 11.9 11.4 31.1
S- Bilirubin conjugated 36.8 43.2 18.4 14.2 44.5
Patient- Body mass 1.1 26.6 0.6 6.7 7.6
P- C Protein 5.6 55.2 2.9 13.9 18.7
S- C reactive protein 42.2 76.3 21.1 21.8 56.6
S- C3 Complement 5.2 15.6 2.6 4.1 8.4
S- C4 Complement 8.9 33.4 4.5 8.6 16.0
S- CA 125 antigen 24.7 54.6 12.4 15.0 35.4
S- CA 15.3 antigen 6.1 62.9 3.1 15.8 20.8
S- CA 19.9 antigen 16.0 102.0 8.0 25.8 39.0
S- CA 549 antigen 9.1 33.4 4.6 8.7 16.2

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- Calcium 1.9 2.8 1.0 0.8 2.4
S- Calcium, complexed 5.3 4.5 2.7 1.7 6.1
U- Calcium, concentration, 24h 27.5 36.6 13.8 11.4 34.1
U- Calcium, ionized 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.6 2.0
U- Calcium, output, 24h 26.2 27.0 13.1 9.4 31.0
S- Calcium, protein bound 4.1 6.1 2.1 1.8 5.2
S- Calcium, ultrafiltrable 2.2 2.7 1.1 0.9 2.7
S- Carbohydrate deficient transferrin 7.1 38.7 3.6 9.8 15.7
(B)Gas Carbon dioxide 4.8 5.3 2.4 1.8 5.7
S- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 12.7 55.6 6.4 14.3 24.7
S- Carnitine, free 7.6 15.2 3.8 4.2 10.5
S- Carnitine, total 7.7 13.8 3.9 4.0 10.3
S- Ceruloplasmin (ferroxidase) 5.8 11.1 2.9 3.1 7.9
S- Chloride 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.5
S- Cholesterol 5.4 15.2 2.7 4.0 8.5
S- Cholinesterase, concentration 7.1 --- 3.6 --- ---
S- Cholinesterase, activity 6.1 18.2 3.1 4.8 9.8
P- Chromogranin A 12.8 26.3 6.4 7.3 17.9
P- Citrulline 21.4 43.9 10.7 12.2 29.9
S- Collagen type I C propeptide (PICP) 7.8 26.7 3.9 7.0 13.4
S- Collagen type I N propeptide (PINP) 7.4 57.3 3.7 14.4 20.5
S- Collagen type III N propeptide (PIIINP) 13.6 87.2 6.8 22.1 33.3
U- Color, first morning 30.9 47.4 15.5 14.1 39.6
P- Copper 8.0 19.0 4.0 5.2 11.8
S- Copper 4.9 13.6 2.5 3.6 7.7
S- Cortisol 20.9 45.6 10.5 12.5 29.8
S- C Peptide 16.6 23.2 8.3 7.1 20.8
S- C-Propeptide type I procollagen 8.2 17.6 4.1 4.9 11.6
S- C-Reactive protein 42.2 76.3 21.1 21.8 56.6
S- Creatine kinase (CK) 22.8 40.0 11.4 11.5 30.3
S- Creatine kinase MB, % 6.9 48.2 3.5 10.8 16.5
S- Creatine kinase MB, activity 19.7 24.3 9.9 7.8 24.1
S- Creatine kinase MB, mass 18.4 61.2 9.2 16.0 31.2
S- Creatinine 6.0 14.7 3.0 4.0 8.9
Patient- Creatinine clearance 13.6 13.5 6.8 4.8 16.0
Patient- Creatinine clearance, MDRD 6.7 --- 3.4 --- ---
U- Creatinine, concentration, 24h 24.0 24.5 12.0 8.6 28.4
U- Creatinine, concentration, first morning 23.2 25.7 11.6 8.7 27.8
U- Creatinine, concentration, random 36.3 32.4 18.2 12.2 42.1
U- Creatinine, output, 24h 11.0 23.0 5.5 6.4 15.4
S- C-Terminal telopeptide type I collagen 9.6 30.6 4.8 8.0 15.9
U- C-Terminal telopeptide type I collagen/creatinine, second void 24.4 48.0 12.2 13.5 33.6
S- Cyfra 21.1 22.2 31.1 11.1 9.6 27.9
P- Cystatin C 5.5 --- 2.8 --- ---
S- Cystastin C 4.6 13.0 2.3 3.4 7.2
P- Cysteine 5.9 12.3 3.0 3.4 8.3
P- Cystine 38.3 48.5 19.2 15.4 47.0
U- δ-aminolevulinic acid 16.0 27.0 8.0 7.8 21.0

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 5.6 25.9 2.8 6.6 11.2
U- Deoxypyridinoline/creatinine, 24h 16.0 30.7 8.0 8.7 21.9
U- Deoxypyridinoline/creatinine, first morning 13.8 34.6 6.9 9.3 20.7
U- Deoxipyridinoline/minute, first morning 15.4 30.3 7.7 8.5 21.2
P- Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (ACE) 8.2 14.5 4.1 4.2 10.9
S- Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (ACE) 12.5 27.7 6.3 7.6 17.9
P- Elastase 13.6 16.4 6.8 5.3 16.5
S- Endotelial growth factor 10.7 47.6 5.4 12.2 21.0
B- Eosinophils, count 21.0 76.4 10.5 19.8 37.1
(B)Plat- Epinephrine 25.3 --- 12.7 --- ---
P- Epinephrine 48.3 --- 24.2 --- ---
B- Erythrocytes, count 3.2 6.1 1.6 1.7 4.4
B- Erythrocyte distribution wide 3.5 5.7 1.8 1.7 4.6
U- Estradiol 30.4 --- 15.2 --- ---
S- Estradiol 22.8 24.4 11.4 8.3 27.2
U- Estradiol, free 38.6 --- 19.3 --- ---
P- Factor V coagulation 3.6 --- 1.8 --- ---
P- Factor VII coagulation 6.8 19.4 3.4 5.1 10.7
P- Factor VIII coagulation 4.8 19.1 2.4 4.9 8.9
P- Factor X coagulation 5.9 --- 3.0 --- ---
S- Ferritin 14.2 15.0 7.1 5.2 16.9
P- Fibrinogen 10.7 15.8 5.4 4.8 13.6
(B)Erthry- Folate 12.0 66.0 6.0 16.8 26.7
S- Folate 24.0 73.0 12.0 19.2 39.0
S- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 7.9 41.6 3.9 10.6 17.1
S- Fructosamine 3.4 5.9 1.7 1.7 4.5
S- Galactosyl hydroxylysine 11.8 25.8 5.9 7.1 16.8
S- γ-Globulins 14.6 12.3 7.3 4.8 16.8
S- γ-glutamyltransferase 13.8 41.0 6.9 10.8 22.2
S- Globulins, total 5.5 12.9 2.8 3.5 8.0
P- Glucose 4.5 5.8 2.3 1.8 5.5
S- Glucose 6.1 6.1 2.9 2.2 6.9
(B)Erythr- Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) 32.8 31.8 16.4 11.4 38.5
B - spot Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) 7.3 10.3 3.7 3.2 9.2
P- Glutamic acid 46.4 79.9 23.2 23.1 61.4
P- Glutamine 12.1 22.0 6.1 6.3 16.3
S- Glutathion peroxidase 7.2 21.7 3.6 5.7 11.7
P- Glycine 11.8 40.3 5.9 10.5 20.2
P- Haptoglobin 20.0 27.9 10.0 8.6 25.1
S- Haptoglobin 20.4 36.4 10.2 10.4 27.3
S- HDL cholesterol 7.1 19.7 3.6 5.2 11.1
S- HDL 1 cholesterol 5.5 27.2 2.8 6.9 11.5
S- HDL 2 cholesterol 15.7 40.7 7.9 10.9 23.9
S- HDL 3 cholesterol 7.0 14.3 3.5 4.0 9.8
B- Hematocrit 2.8 6.4 1.4 1.7 4.1
B- Hemoglobin 2.8 6.6 1.4 1.8 4.1
B- Hemoglobin A1 C 1.9 5.7 0.9 1.5 3.0
P- Histidine 9.7 27.2 4.9 7.2 15.2
P- Homocysteine 9.0 40.3 4.5 10.3 17.7
S- Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 6.6 --- 3.3 --- ---
P- Hydroxyproline 34.5 56.7 17.3 16.6 45.1
U- Hydroxyproline/creatinine, first morning 34.3 42.7 17.2 13.7 42.0
U- Hydroxyproline/creatinine, second void 19.0 33.8 9.5 9.7 25.4
U- Hydroxyproline/minute, first morning 36.1 38.8 18.1 13.2 43.0
U- Hydroxyproline/minute, second void 40.5 32.9 20.3 13.0 46.5

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- Immunoglobulin A 5.4 35.9 2.7 9.1 13.5
S- Immunoglobulin G 4.5 16.5 2.3 4.3 8.0
S- Immunoglobulin M 5.9 47.3 3.0 11.9 16.8
S- Immunoglobulins κ chains 4.8 15.3 2.4 4.0 8.0
S- Immunoglobulins λ chains 4.8 18.0 2.4 4.7 8.6
S- Insulin 21.1 58.3 10.6 15.5 32.9
S- Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) 14.6 45.4 7.3 11.9 24.0
S- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) 10.1 63.9 5.1 16.2 24.5
S- Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) 1.9 21.0 1.0 5.3 6.8
(B)Leuc- Interferon receptor 14.0 20.0 7.0 6.1 17.7
S- Interleukin 1-β 30.0 36.0 15.0 11.7 36.5
S- Interleukin-8 24.0 31.0 12.0 9.8 29.6
S- Iron 26.5 23.2 13.3 8.8 30.7
P- Isoleucine 15.5 45.5 7.8 12.0 24.8
B- Lactate 27.2 16.7 13.6 8.0 30.4
S- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 8.6 14.7 4.3 4.3 11.4
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 1 isoform (LDH1) 2.3 8.3 1.2 2.2 4.1
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 2 isoform (LDH2) 3.3 2.4 1.7 1.0 3.7
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 3 isoform (LDH3) 2.8 3.8 1.4 1.2 3.5
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 4 isoform (LDH4) 5.9 5.3 3.0 2.0 6.9
S- Lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoform (LDH5) 8.0 9.6 4.0 3.1 9.7
P- Lactoferrin 11.8 23.7 5.9 6.6 16.4
S- LDL Cholesterol 8.3 25.7 4.2 6.8 13.6
S- LDL Cholesterol (direct) 6.5 --- 3.3 --- ---
P- LDL Cholesterol (oxidized) 21.0 50.0 10.5 13.6 30.9
S- LDL receptor mRNA 21.5 13.6 10.8 6.4 24.1
P- Leucine 14.8 44.0 7.4 11.6 23.8
B- Leukocytes count 10.9 19.6 5.5 5.6 14.6
S- Lipase 23.1 33.1 11.6 10.1 29.1
S- Lipoprotein (a) 20.8 18.1 10.4 6.9 24.1
P- Lutein 13.0 21.0 6.5 6.2 16.9
S- Lutein 23.7 --- 11.9 --- ---
S- Luteinizing hormone (LH) 14.5 27.8 7.3 7.8 19.8
P- Lycopenene 22.0 33.0 11.0 9.9 28.1
S- Lycopenene 40.1 33.0 20.1 13.0 ---
B- Lymphocytes, count 10.4 27.8 5.2 7.4 16.0
B- Lymphocytes CD4 25.0 --- 12.5 --- ---
P- Lysine 11.5 38.2 5.8 10.0 19.5

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
(B)Erythr- Magnesium 5.6 11.3 2.8 3.2 7.8
(B)Leuc- Magnesium 18.3 16.4 9.2 6.1 21.2
(B)Mon - Magnesium 18.1 20.3 9.1 6.8 21.7
S- Magnesium 3.6 6.4 1.8 1.8 4.8
U- Magnesium, concentration, 24h 45.4 37.4 22.7 14.7 52.2
U- Magnesium, ionized 1.9 5.1 1.0 1.4 2.9
U- Magnesium, output, 24h 38.3 37.6 19.2 13.4 45.0
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) 1.6 5.2 0.8 1.4 2.7
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 1.7 2.8 0.9 0.8 2.2
(B)Erythr- Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 1.3 4.8 0.7 1.2 2.3
(B)Plat- Mean platelet volume (MPV) 4.3 8.1 2.2 2.3 5.8
P- Metionine 14.7 43.4 7.4 11.5 23.6
B- Monocytes, count 17.8 49.8 8.9 13.2 27.9
S- Mucinous carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA) 10.1 39.3 5.1 10.1 18.5
S- Myeloperoxidase 36.0 30.0 18.0 11.7 41.4
S- Myoglobin 13.9 29.6 7.0 8.2 19.6
U- N-Acetyl Glucosaminidase, concentration, first morning 52.9 22.0 26.5 14.3 58.0
U- N-Acetyl Glucosaminidase/Creatinine 51.1 21.8 25.6 13.9 56.0
B- Neutrophyles, count 16.1 32.8 8.1 9.1 22.4
U- Nitrogen, output 13.9 24.2 7.0 7.0 18.4
S- Non-inhibited arilestearase activity 3.8 37.2 1.9 9.3 12.5
B(Plat)- Norepinephrine 9.5 --- 4.8 --- ---
P- Norepinephrine 19.5 --- 9.8 --- ---
U- N-Telopeptide type I collagen/Creatinine, first morning 17.0 52.0 8.5 13.7 27.7
U- N-Telopeptide type I collagen/Creatinine, second void 15.5 37.6 7.8 10.2 23.0
S- N-terminal (NT)-proBNP 10.0 16.0 5.0 4.7 13.0
P- Ornithine 18.4 54.9 9.2 14.5 29.7
P- Osmolality 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.6
Saliva- Osmolality 9.5 35.8 4.8 9.3 17.1
S- Osmolality 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.4 1.5
U- Osmolality, first morning 28.3 57.9 14.2 16.1 39.5
S- Osteocalcin 6.3 23.1 3.2 6.0 11.2
S- Osteocalcin (+1 trab) 7.2 27.0 3.6 7.0 12.9
U- Oxalate, concentration, 24h 44.0 18.0 22.0 11.9 48.2
U- Oxalate, output, 24h 42.5 19.9 21.3 11.7 46.8

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Analyte

 Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
B- pCO2 4.8 5.3 2.4 1.8 5.7
B- pH [H+] 3.5 2.0 1.8 1.0 3.9
B- pH (pH units) 0.2 --- 0.1 --- ---
S- Paraoxonase 1 13.4 84.0 6.7 21.3 32.3
S- Paraoxonase 1 substrate inhibition (PON 4SI) 3.9 80.1 1.9 20.0 23.2
S- Paraoxonase, activity (salt stimulated) 8.0 86.4 4.0 21.7 28.3
S- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 25.9 23.8 13.0 8.8 30.2
S- Phenylacetate 6.6 25.2 3.3 6.5 12.0
P- Phenylalanine 9.5 40.6 4.8 10.4 18.3
S- Phosphate 8.5 9.4 4.3 3.2 10.2
U- Phosphate, concentration, 24h 26.4 26.5 13.2 9.4 31.1
U- Phosphate, output, 24h 18.0 22.6 9.0 7.2 22.1
Patient- Phosphate tubular reabsorption 2.7 3.3 1.4 1.1 3.3
S- Phospholipids 6.5 11.1 3.3 3.2 8.6
B- Piruvate 15.2 13.0 7.6 5.0 17.5
P- Plasminogen 7.7 --- 3.9 --- ---
B- Platelets, count 9.1 21.9 4.6 5.9 13.4
B- Platelet distribution wide 2.8 --- 1.4 --- ---
B- Plateletcrit 11.9 --- 6.0 --- ---
U- Porphobilinogen 17.0 31.0 8.5 8.8 22.9
U- Porphyrins (total) 40.0 --- 20.0 --- ---
(B)Leuc- Potassium 13.6 13.4 6.8 4.8 16.0
S- Potassium 4.8 5.6 2.4 1.8 5.8
U- Potassium, concentration, 24h 27.1 23.2 13.6 8.9 31.3
U- Potassium, output 24.4 22.2 12.2 8.2 28.4
S- Prealbumin 10.9 19.1 5.5 5.5 14.5
S- Prolactin 23.0 35.0 11.5 10.5 29.4
P- Proline 17.0 104.4 8.5 26.4 40.5
P- Prolyl endopeptidase 16.8 13.9 8.4 5.5 19.3
S- Properdin factor B 9.5 11.2 4.7 3.7 11.5
S- Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) 18.1 72.4 9.1 18.7 33.6
S- Protein 2.7 4.0 1.4 1.2 13.4
U- Protein, concentration, 24h 39.6 17.8 19.8 10.9 43.5
S- Protein, glycated 0.9 11.6 0.5 2.9 3.7
U- Protein, output, 24h 35.5 23.7 17.8 10.7 40.0
S- Protein, total 2.7 4.0 1.4 1.2 3.4
S- Protein, total, glycated 0.9 11.6 0.5 2.9 3.7
P- Prothrombin time 4.0 6.8 2.0 2.0 5.3
U- Pyridinoline/creatinine 8.7 17.6 4.4 4.9 12.1
U- Pyridinoline/minute, first morning 19.4 23.6 9.7 7.6 23.6
B- Pyruvate 15.2 13.0 7.6 5.0 17.5
B- Red cell distribution wide (RDW) 3.5 5.7 1.8 1.7 4.6
S- Reticulocyte highly fluorescent, count 10.0 62.0 5.0 15.7 24.0
S- Reticulocyte low fluorescent, count 1.6 4.9 0.8 1.3 2.6
S- Reticulocyte medium fluorescent, count 13.0 33.0 6.5 8.9 19.6
S- Reticulocyte, count 11.0 29.0 5.5 7.8 16.8
P- Retinol 6.2 21.0 3.1 5.5 10.6
S- Retinol 13.6 19.0 6.8 5.8 17.1
S- Rheumatoid factor 8.5 24.5 4.3 6.5 13.5

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Analyte Biological
Variation		 Desirable
specification
CVw CVg I(%) B(%) TE(%)
S- SCC antigen 39.4 35.7 19.7 13.3 45.8
P- S Protein 5.8 63.4 2.9 15.9 20.7
P- Selenium 12.0 14.0 6.0 4.6 14.5
B- Selenium 12.0 12.0 6.0 4.2 14.1
P- Serine 12.8 42.8 6.4 11.2 21.7
S- Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) 12.1 42.7 6.1 11.1 21.1
(B)Erythr- Sodium 1.8 12.4 0.9 3.1 4.6
(B)Leuc- Sodium 51.0 36.4 25.5 15.7 57.7
S- Sodium 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.9
B- Sodium Bicarbonate 4.0 4.8 2.0 1.6 4.9
S- Sodium Bicarbonate 4.8 4.7 2.4 1.7 5.6
Sweat- Sodium Chloride 15.0 25.0 7.5 7.3 19.7
U- Sodium, concentration, 24 h. 24.0 26.8 12.0 9.0 28.8
U- Sodium output, 24 h. 28.7 16.7 14.4 8.3 32.0
P- Soluble CD163 9.0 35.9 4.5 9.3 16.7
Semen- Spermatozoa, concentration 26.8 56.4 13.4 15.6 37.7
Semen- Spermatozoa, morphology 19.6 44.0 9.8 12.0 28.2
Semen- Spermatozoa, progressive motility 15.2 32.8 7.6 9.0 21.6
Semen- Spermatozoa, fast progressive motility 18.8 51.8 9.4 13.8 29.3
Semen- Spermatozoa, total motility 18.4 29.8 9.2 8.8 23.9
Semen- Spermatozoa, vitality 10.3 25.8 5.2 6.9 15.4
S- Superoxide dismutase 17.1 10.5 8.6 5.0 19.1
(B)Erythr- Superoxide dismutase 12.3 4.9 6.2 3.3 13.5
P- Taurine 30.6 44.0 15.3 13.4 38.6
S- Testosterone 9.3 19.7 4.7 5.4 13.1
Saliva- Testosterone 17.3 28.8 8.7 8.4 22.7
U- Testosterone 25.0 --- 12.5 --- ---
S- Testosterone, free 9.3 --- 4.7 --- ---
U- Testosterone, free 51.7 --- 25.9 --- ---
S- Thyroglobulin 14.0 39.0 7.0 10.4 21.9
S- Thyroglobulin antibody 8.5 82.0 4.3 20.6 27.6
S- Thyroid peroxidase antibody 11.3 147.0 5.7 36.9 46.2
S- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 19.3 24.6 9.7 7.8 23.7
S- Thyrotropin receptor antibody 4.8 --- 2.4 --- ---
S- Thyroxine (T4) 4.9 10.9 2.5 3.0 7.0
S- Thyroxine, free (FT4) 5.7 12.1 2.9 3.3 8.0
S- Thyroxine/TBG 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
S- Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) 0.09 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.1
P- Tirosine 10.5 61.0 5.3 15.5 24.1
S- Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) 31.1 63.7 15.6 17.7 43.4
S- Tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) 36.1 108.0 18.1 28.5 58.3
S- Total carnitine 7.7 13.8 3.9 4.0 10.3
U- Total catecolamines, concentration, 24h 24.0 32.0 12.0 10.0 29.8
S- Transferrin 3.0 4.3 1.5 1.3 3.8
P- Treonine 17.9 33.1 9.0 9.4 24.2
S- Triglyceride 20.9 37.2 10.5 10.7 27.9
S- Triiodothyronine (T3) 8.7 17.2 4.4 4.8 12.0
S- Triiodothyronine/TBG 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
S- Triiodothyronine, free (FT3) 7.9 17.6 4.0 4.8 11.3
S- Triiodothyronine, uptake 0.05 --- 0.03 --- ---
S- Troponin I 9.7 57.0 4.9 14.5 22.5
S- Troponin T 30.5 90.0 15.3 23.7 48.9
P- Tryptophan 22.7 152.6 11.4 38.6 57.3
S- Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a)
 43.0 29.0 21.5 13.0 48.4
S- Urate 9.0 17.6 4.5 4.9 12.4
U- Urate, concentration, 24h 24.7 22.1 12.4 8.3 28.7
U- Urate, output, 24h 18.5 14.4 9.3 5.9 21.1
S- Urea 12.3 18.3 6.2 5.5 15.7
U- Urea, concentration, 24h 22.7 25.9 11.4 8.6 27.3
U- Urea, output, 24h 17.4 25.4 8.7 7.7 22.1
P- Valine 10.6 40.1 5.3 10.4 19.1
U- Vanilmandelic Acid concentration, 24h 22.2 47.0 11.1 13.0 31.3
S- Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) 5.2 16.0 2.6 4.2 8.5
P- Vascular endotelial growth factor 14.1 18.1 7.1 5.7 17.4
B- Vascular endotelial growth factor 14.3 28.8 7.2 8.0 19.8
S- Vascular endotelial growth factor 10.7 47.6 5.4 12.2 21.0
P- Vitamin B1 4.8 12.0 2.4 3.2 7.2
B- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 5.8 10.0 2.9 2.9 7.7
(B)Eryth- Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 6.4 11.0 3.2 3.2 8.5
(B)Eryth- Vitamin B2 status (gluthation reductase activation) 5.2 40.0 2.6 10.1 14.4
(B)Eryth- Vitamin B12 15.0 69.0 7.5 17.7 30.0
(B)Eryth- Vitamin B6 14.0 24.0 7.0 6.9 18.5
B- Vitamin B6 20.0 34.0 10.0 9.9 26.4
(B)Eryth- Vitamin B6 status (AST activation) 1.4 44.0 0.7 11.0 12.2
(B)Eryth- Vitamin E (Tocopherol) 7.6 21.0 3.8 5.6 11.9
(B)Eryth- Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) 38.0 44.0 19.0 14.5 45.9
S- VLDL Cholesterol 27.6 --- 13.8 --- ---
P- Von Willebrand factor 2.5 27.3 1.3 6.9 8.9
P- Von Willebrand factor antigen 5.0 18.0 2.5 4.7 8.8
S- Water 3.1 0.1 1.6 0.8 3.3
S- Zeaxanthine 34.7 --- 17.4 --- ---
S- Zinc 9.3 9.4 4.7 3.3 11.0
P- Zinc 11.0 14.0 5.5 4.5 13.5

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